What is topology?
Topology is the structure of the network of how all the components are connected to each other (or)
The topology of a network is the geometric representation of the relationship of all the links and linking devices (nodes) to one another
1. Bus topology:
In bus topology, all the nodes are connected through a single cable known as backbone cable. Here the data is transmitted from one end to the other in single direction (Unidirectional)
Advantages :
- Installation is easy
- Cables required is less compared to start and mesh topologies
- Failure of one node does not affect other nodes
Disadvantages:
- If backbone cable fails, it affects the whole system
- Fault detection is difficult
2. Ring topology:
In ring topology, each device is connected to exactly two other devices and forms a ring. Here the data flows in one direction only (Clockwise direction)
In this topology, the data is transmitted based on token ring method
Advantages:
- Easy to install and expand
- Possibility of collision is less
Disadvantages:
- Damage in one node affects overall network
- Troubleshooting is difficult
3. Star topology:
In star topology, all nodes are connected to a central controller (switch, hub, etc.). The data transmission between two nodes takes place through the central controller.
Advantages:
- Troubleshooting is easy
- If a node fails, it does not affects other nodes
- Addition, deletion and moving of devices are easy
Disadvantages:
- Failure in hub affects the overall network
- Performance depends on hub's capacity
- Cost of installation is high
4. Mesh topology:
In mesh topology, each device is connected to every other device through a dedicated link. There are multiple paths between one node and the other for data transmission.
Advantages:
- Breakdown in one link does not affect communication
- Provides privacy and security
- Fault is diagnosed easily
Disadvantages:
- Installation and configuration is hard
- Cost of maintenance is high
5. Tree topology:
In tree topology, there is a root node and all other nodes are connected to the root node in a hierarchical manner. Tree topology is also known as hierarchical topology.
Advantages:
- Easily expandable
- Easily manageable
- Error detection and correction is easy
- Breakdown of one node does not affect the other
Disadvantages:
- If root node fails, overall network fails
- Cost of installation is high
6. Hybrid topology:
Hybrid topology is the combination of two or more topologies.
Advantages:
- Flexible
- Size can be increased easily
Disadvantages:
- Design is complex
- Installation and maintenance cost is high
- Fault detection is difficult
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